History of Soybeans and Soyfoods in South America (1882-2009)
William Shurtleff, Akiko AoyagiISBN: 978-1928914-23-5
Publication Date: 2009 June 6
Number of References in Bibliography: 2394
Earliest Reference: 1882
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Brief Bibliography of Soy in South America
1887 – Brazil: The Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC) is founded, and from the beginning has soybeans in its plant collection. In 1889 the Institute, run by both European and Brazilian scientists (who had studied in Europe) starts to distribute soybean seeds to interested farmers. D’Utra was director of IAC from 1898-1906. In 1899 the IAC has three beds of soybeans, enough to distribute 28 kg of yellow soybeans and 18 kg of black soybeans to farmers (Hasse & Bueno 1996, p. 198).
1893 – French Guiana: Soybeans are first cultivated (Sagot & Raoul 1893, p. 151-55).
1900 – Brazil: Soybean experiments are conducted at the Agronomy School of Rio Grande do Sul, in Pelotas (Hasse & Bueno 1996, p. 198).
1905 – Guyana: Soybeans are first cultivated (Sampson 1936, p. 85, 201).
1905 – Suriname (Formerly Surinam and Dutch Guiana): Soybeans are first cultivated (Kaltenbach & Legros 1936, p. 187T-89T).
1908 – Argentina: Soybeans are first cultivated, at the Cordoba Experimental Station (Tonnelier 1912; Faura 1933, p. 10).
1908 – Brazil: Japanese immigrants begin to arrive in Santos (a municipality in the state of Sao Paulo), carrying soybean seeds in their luggage (Hasse & Bueno 1996, p. 198).
1911 Dec. – Uruguay: Soybeans are first cultivated (Boerger 1928, p. 102).
1913 – Venezuela: Soybeans are first cultivated (Sampson 1936, p. 85, 201).
1921 – Paraguay: Soybeans are first cultivated, introduced by Pedro N. Ciancio (Ciancio 1951, p. 490).
1922 - Nishii Super Shoyu and Miso are the earliest known commercial soy products in Peru or South America (Kawakami 1991).
1924 – Argentina: The Ministry of Agriculture conducts an intensive campaign to promote soybeans. Its Seed Section purchases 15,000 kg of 15 varieties from the U.S. seed company of T. Wood and Sons in Richmond, Virginia, and distributes the seed, free of charge, to schools of Agriculture, experimental stations and 8,000 farmers interested in conducting trials. Valuable and promising information was obtained (Faura 1933, p. 10).
1928 – Peru: Soybeans are first cultivated (Kaltenbach & Legros 1936, p. 187T-89T).
1929 March – Colombia: Soybeans are first cultivated (Patiño 1969, p. 97-98).
1932 – Argentina: An oil mill and edible oil refinery in Cordoba province conducts an intense promotional campaign for soybeans and facilitated the sale of soybean seeds to farmers. According to reports from this company, 6,000 ha of soybeans were planted (Faura 1933).
1934 – Chile: Soybeans are first cultivated (Kaltenbach & Legros 1936, p. 180T-84T).
1936 – Ecuador: Soybeans are first cultivated (Kaltenbach & Legros 1936, p. 184T-87T).
1937 – Brazil: The state of Rio Grande do Sul exports 6,420 kg of soybeans, rising to 40,000 kg in 1939. (El Salvador Ministerio de Agricultura, 1946, p. 16-17).
1940 – Argentina produces 15 tonnes of soybeans on 300 hectares, increasing in 1941 to 204 tonnes on 5,000 ha (El Salvador Ministerio de Agricultura, 1946, p. 16-17).
1945-49 – Brazil: 446,000 bushels of soybeans are grown on 23,000 acres, with a yield of 19.0 bushels per acre (Soybean Digest, April 1955, p. 20).
1951 – Argentina is now producing 8,000 metric tons of soybeans; this amount continues until 1954 (FAO Production Yearbook).
1953 – Brazil: 3,242,000 bushels of soybeans are grown on 148,000 acres, with a yield of 21.9 bushels per acre (Soybean Digest, April 1955, p. 20).
1954 – Brazil: Soybean production tops 100,000 tonnes (USDA-FAS).
1960 Dec. – Bolivia: Soybeans are first cultivated (Estacion Experimental Agricola de Los Llanos, Boletin Informativo, March 1961).
1962 Sept. – Argentina starts to export soybeans – 3,000 metric tons to West Germany. Argentina estimates the 1962 soybean crop at 10,000 tonnes, compared with 1,000 tonnes last year (Foreign Agriculture, Sept. 1962, p. 23).
1963 – Brazil: For an excellent, detailed chronology of soybeans and soy products in Brazil from 1882 to 1996, see Hasse & Bueno (1996, p. 198-99, 255-56).
1969 – Brazil: Soybean production hits 1 million tonnes, a ten-fold increase since 1954 (USDA-FAS).
1971 – Brazil: The National Commission for Soy Research is established in the Ministry of Agriculture. It is responsible for launching new Brazilian (BR) soybean varieties (Hasse & Bueno 1996, p 256).
1972 April – Brazil: Ceval (Cerais do Vale Ltda.) ("Valley Cereals"), soon Brazil’s largest soybean crushing company, is founded (Hasse & Bueno 1996, p. 196).
1973 April 26 – Brazil: EMBRAPA (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria) founded. It is the Brazilian Agricultural Research Agency.
1973 June 27 – Brazil: As international soybean prices soar and soybeans are in short supply in the U.S., as an inflation-fighting measure, the U.S. Secretary of Commerce imposes an export embargo on soybeans and soybean products. Stunned U.S. soybean customers (such as Japan, Europe, etc,) seek a second reliable source of supply – in Brazil (Conlon 2009).
1975 – Brazil: Soybean production hits 10 million tons – a ten-fold increase since 1969 (USDA-FAS).
1976 – Brazil: The National Center for Soy Research (Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Soja; CNPSo), within EMBRAPA, starts operating in Londrina, Parana state (Hasse & Bueno 1996).
1994 – Brazil: Soybean production hits 25 million tons
2002 Aug. – Soybeans start to be viewed as a cause of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest basin (Rohter 2002).
2007/08 –South America: Major soybean producers are: Brazil 61 million metric tons (mmt). Argentina 47 mmt. Paraguay 6.8 mmt (USDA-FAS).
2007/08 – Brazil: Mato Grosso do Sul passes Parana to become Brazil’s leading soybean producing state (17.25 mmt vs. 11.9 mmt). Rio Grande do Sul is 3rd (8.25 mmt). Goias is 4th (6.7 mmt) (Soya & Oilseed Bluebook 2009, p. 352)
THIS BOOK IS ABOUT
History of Soy in South America
History of Soy in Argentina
History of Soy in Bolivia
History of Soy in Brazil
History of Soy in Chile
History of Soy in Dutch Guiana
History of Soy in Colombia
History of Soy in Ecuador
History of Soy in French Guiana
History of Soy in Guyana
History of Soy in Paraguay
History of Soy in Peru
History of Soy in Suriname
History of Soy in Surinam
History of Soy in Uruguay
History of Soy in Venezuela
History of Soybeans in South America
History of Soybeans in Argentina
History of Soybeans in Bolivia
History of Soybeans in Brazil
History of Soybeans in Chile
History of Soybeans in Dutch Guiana
History of Soybeans in Colombia
History of Soybeans in Ecuador
History of Soybeans in French Guiana
History of Soybeans in Guyana
History of Soybeans in Paraguay
History of Soybeans in Peru
History of Soybeans in Suriname
History of Soybeans in Surinam
History of Soybeans in Uruguay
History of Soybeans in Venezuela